Modelling+and+simulation

** Modeling & Simulation ** ** Model ** • A model is a simplified representation of a system.
 * __ Fletcher and Karim __** [[file:science_enviro_pres.ppt]]  **__ S __****__ cience & Environment __**

• Examples: weather and climate models, engineering models ** Simulation ** • Simulation is the process of designing a model of a real or imagined system and conducting experiments with that model. • Examples: flight simulator

** Advantages & Disadvantages ** • Able to test without harming the person or the environment • Safer than “real thing” • Helps with decisions without “risk factor” • Limited- simulations can only identify possible trends. • Expensive to build and set up   • Might not be accurate.


 * Social Ethical issues**

Ethical

Accurate; it should give reliable information.

Reliability the inputted information should be accurate in order not to produce GIGO.

People and Machines; jobs lose due to simulation,

Policies and standard; rules and regulations of what to simulate

Social

Psychological; non-desirable outcomes can result in a panic.

Economical; good simulators are expensive.

Environmental; materials used in experiment can be harmful to the environment, simulation remove this.

** Digital Experimentation ** It can be defined as the act of doing an experiment without ever physically touching the apparatus.

Example: [] (you have to choose an experiment)  The discussion of building a reef in Borth, Wales. The building of a reef will help Borth's defense problem, as well as create tourism and boost the economy.

** Advantages ** • Allows for a safe environment to conduct tests in. • Very cheap method of experimentation.

** Disadvantages ** • Not very flexible. • Cannot be done 100% virtual, some physical input is required.

**Demographic & Environmental Simulation** • Used by engineers to study and research about the environment. • By using models they can observe an area’s present state and predict what will happen in the future. • study the effects of natural and human influences on the area • Ways to preserve it

• Urban simulation (used by architects to design a city. Created in real time so designers can see what they area will look like in the future.

• Environmental and urban simulation are used together to predict the impact of a building in a certain area, or the impact of natural disasters.

• SimCity uses both environmental and urban simulation.

• Traffic simulation ** Demographics ** •D emographics refers to certain population characteristics such as race, age, gender, income, disabilities, literacy rate, home ownership, employment status, and location. It is useful for the government of a country, coming up with marketing strategies, and for economic research. • Used by governments //__** END **__//